Finishing of cotton fabrics

 Finishing is the use of physical or chemical methods of certain machinery and equipment to improve the feel and appearance of fabrics, to improve the performance, or given a special function of the processing. Cotton fabric finishing is mainly to play cotton fiber soft, moisture absorption, breathable and other excellent performance, making it more suitable for taking the requirements or meet the needs of special purposes. Cotton fabric finishing, including mechanical and chemical aspects. The former has tentering, calendering, electro-optic, embossing and mechanical shrinkage finishing. The latter has soft finishing, stiff finishing, whitening finishing to shrink the shrink-proofing and so on.
        1) tentering: the fabric in bleaching and dyeing process, due to many mechanical tensile strength by the role of the fabric by the longitudinal elongation, weft contraction, resulting in such as uneven width, uneven edge, weft Skew and other phenomena. In order to overcome the above disadvantages, the fabric must be tightened. Tuck finishing is based on the cotton fiber in the wet state, has a certain plasticity characteristics, in the drying process, adjust the warp and weft yarn in the fabric state, the fabric width to pull to the specified size, to achieve the effect of morphological stability.
        2) calendering, electro-optic and embossing finishing: calendaring, electro-optic and embossing, belonging to the promotion and beautification of fabric finishing. Calendering refers to the cotton fiber in hot and humid conditions, the use of mechanical pressure, the flattening of the yarn, the pressure of the vertical villi, so that the fabric surface becomes smooth and smooth, the temperature of light reverse program to reduce and enhance the gloss. Electro-optic is rolled out of the fabric surface slash, in order to improve the luster of the fabric. Embossing is rolled out of the fabric surface has a three-dimensional embossed pattern.
        3) stiff finishing and soft finishing: stiff finishing and soft finishing is to improve the fabric feel for the purpose of finishing methods. Stiffness is the use of a certain viscosity of the slurry, forming a thin film on the fabric, so that the fabric was smooth, stiff, thick, plump and so on. Soft finishing is the choice of some oil, wax or surfactant treatment of the fabric, the coefficient of friction between the fibers to reduce, the fabric has a soft performance.
        4) whitening: The role of whitening is to eliminate yellow on the fabric, improve the whiteness of bleached cloth, so that light white cloth more white, more vivid color.
        5) mechanical pre-shrinking finishing: fabric printing and dyeing process, the mechanical direction by more mechanical stretching, water will occur after a certain process of contraction, commonly known as shrinking. To overcome the above shortcomings, pre-shrinking can be processed to shorten the length of the fabric to achieve the purpose of pre-shrinking.
        6) Anti-wrinkle finishing: cotton fabric has many excellent properties, but less flexible, easy to produce when worn wrinkles. The use of synthetic resins to treat fabrics increases the elasticity of cotton fibers. Traditionally, this type of treatment is called resin finishing. After the resin finishing fabric, not only has anti-wrinkle properties, but also to obtain shrink-proof effect.
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