Interpretation of heavy metals in textiles

Heavy metals in textiles and clothing come from? What harm to human health?
The use of heavy metals in textiles mainly from the heavy metal complexation dyeing and finishing process of dyes and chemical additives, natural fiber in the growth process of bear in nature of absorption and accumulation, cross contamination and textile production process. A certain amount of heavy metal is beneficial to human health. However, excessive amounts of heavy metals are absorbed by the human body, and are easy to accumulate in the liver, bone, kidney, heart and brain.
Domestic and international standards and laws on the heavy metal content in textiles are what?
Standard GB/T home 18885 - 2009 "eco textile technical requirements" of antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) content of heavy metals limited.
International ecological textile standard OEKO-TEX Standard 100-2010, there are many types of heavy metals, according to the classification of different types of heavy metals and textile products, the standard has given a limited value.
The extraction of heavy metals, two sets of standards made the same limited, including OEKO-TEX Standard, 100-2010 on the heavy metal lead and cadmium were defined for total, Extractable Lead, class I products limited 0.2mg/kg II - IV products were 1 mg/kg, all kinds of products can be extraction of cadmium was 0.1 mg/kg. For the heavy metal content in the digested samples, the lead of the product is 90 mg/kg, the cadmium is mg/kg, the lead of the product is 90.0mg/kg, and the cadmium is 40.0mg/kg. GB/T 18885 - $2009 for heavy metal lead, "the use of metal accessories to prohibit the use of lead and lead alloys".
What problems should be paid attention to in the detection of heavy metals in textiles
At present, the methods of determination include plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), atomic fluorescence spectrometry (PFS) and colorimetry.
At present, the difficulty is that we can detect the amount of free with the textile color fastness, washing degree and extraction conditions and other factors. In China, there is a lack of standard test method for total amount of heavy metals, OEKO-TEX standard as a test procedure only on the extraction conditions, testing instruments made a rough set, the lack of specific analysis steps described.
Attention should be paid to the sensitivity of different testing methods in the test, but also pay attention to whether or not the elements to be tested easily lead to inaccurate results. For example, the two elements of lead and cadmium, the use of dry ashing method for pretreatment of samples is easy to volatilize, and the results obtained by microwave digestion pretreatment samples are relatively large gap. In this case, the additives can be added in the process of sample pretreatment, so as to reduce the volatilization of the elements to be tested and improve the accuracy of the results.
For production enterprises, how to avoid the heavy metal content of the quality problem?
As a textile fiber raw material production, the plant fiber, as far as possible the selection of non polluting or low pollution of land; in the production of chemical fiber, avoid the use of initiator and catalyst containing heavy metals in chip production, to avoid the use of antibacterial agent containing heavy metal in the spinning process, actively use heavy metal free replacement goods. As the textile and garment processing enterprises should communicate with dyeing chemicals and clothing accessories manufacturers, according to the manufacturer's product information to make a systematic research on screening dyeing chemicals and materials, in order to avoid the heavy metal containing dyeing chemicals and clothing accessories in textile and garment processing.
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