How is protein fiber flame retardant?

Protein fiber wool, silk, and other animal hairs contain elements such as carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur in fiber macromolecules. Nitrogen and sulfur are flame-retardant elements, so protein fibers are not flammable with respect to cellulose fibers, but because they contain Nitrogen, containing hydrogen cyanide in the gas after combustion, is highly toxic.

At present, the flame retardation of protein fibers, especially wool fiber fabrics, is mainly treated with titanium, zirconium, tungsten and other complexes. The flame retardant mechanism of wool, such as titanium and zirconium, is not very clear. The complexes used are mainly potassium fluozirconate or potassium fluorotitanate. When heated and burned, the fluorides gradually decompose. When the temperature is 300° C., ZrOF2 and TiOF2 are produced as particles, which cannot be burned by itself and cover the wool fibers when caught on fire. The surface prevents the full supply of oxygen in the air and at the same time prevents the escape of flammable pyrolysis gas, thus playing a role in the flame retardant effect.

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